Monday, March 20, 2006

 

Comments from speech one. 1

BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 2

Persuasive Speech. 2

Speech rationale. 2

Logos Ethos Pathos. 3

Logos. 3

Ethos. 4

Pathos. 5

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence. 5

 

Comments from speech one

  1. Technology

Using webpages – The Internet is not a reliable source - save the pages to a disc – for example -

  1. General comments
  1. Some of us were missing visual aids all together – please sort this out by next speech
  2. Smile
  3. Speak to your audience not to your presentation ie. The board
  4. Pause after statements/declarations – if you continue then the importance of your statement gets lost
  5. Stay within your time requirement
  6. We will go briefly over powerpoint before the next speech
  7. WHY DID YOU PICK THIS TOPIC?
  8. Audience identification: Who is your audience? Identify them specifically. You can not have more than one audience, and it must be reasonably concrete.
  9. Be sure we hear your first few sentences start strong
  10. Speak whilst your presentation is loading
  11. Do not leave on one picture at the beginning that is not the focus
  12. Do not speak at the same time as a video clip is playing
  13. If using poster be sure we can see it from the back
  14. Use your experiences – if you have had them -  when giving information – you are the one who knows about what you are talking about
  15. Too much reading
  16. Some were too long up to 18 minutes – narrow your topic to two or three points – some too short – four and five mintues
    1. Nervousness
  17. Too casual – body language says – probably from nerves – I really don’t want to do this
  18. Or use more body language – sometimes we get behind the podium and do not move
  19. Too large of a topic
  20. Let us know from the beginning where your source is from i.e. – you have been there – you have studied it or it is your hobby
  21. Give a pause in between information
  22. Voice dropping at the end of the sentence
  23. Speaking too rapid or too soft
  24. Too many umms and ‘like’

BIBLIOGRAPHY

please reference properly – have more than just the URL

For example here is a random information piece

I want to give a speech on robots and the future of them. Here is the citation for one of my articles

 

Kanellos, Michael. (2006)  Bacteria could power tiny robots. CNET News.com online at http://news.com.com/Bacteria+could+power+tiny+robots/2100-1008_3-6050161.html viewed Monday, March 20, 2006.

 

Neuage, Terrell. (2004). "Conversational analysis of chatroom talk", Ph.D thesis: Online at http://neuage.org/All.htm Viewed Monday, March 20, 2006.

 

Persuasive Speech

Persuasive Speech Organisation

1)      Introduction  a) attention-grabbing  b) establish basic context

2)      Problematize the Status Quo a) for the audience (why should the audience want to change?)

3)      Propose Course of Action  a) concrete and specific

4)      Sources of Resistance a) name and fully explain them  b) attend to them; wrestle with them; take them seriously; overcome them

5)      Benefits to the Audience  a) what’s in it for them? (enlightened self-interest)

6)      Conclusion a) summary  b) dramatic/interesting

Types of Speeches Audience Goals Persuasion and Arguments

Report 1, listening to a news/video/ and answering questions

Berlo's Model Source - Message -Channel - Receiver.

 

Speech rationale

Before writing any speech, write a rationale for the approach you will take to persuading your audience. The primary idea is to explain what choices you have made and how every choice you have made in the speech is designed to overcome audience resistance.

1)      Audience identification: Who is your audience? Identify them specifically. You can not have more than one audience, and it must be reasonably concrete.

2)      Persuasive goal: What is the status quo? What is the problem with the status quo that you want to address?  What change in your audience’s behaviour do you want to achieve? What is your specific proposal that deals with the specific situation?

3)      Audience state and resistance: What does your audience want in general? What do they value in life? What makes their job/situation easy/hard? What is their stake in this issue? Why is this situation a problem for them? What reasons do they have for resisting your proposed change?

4)      Reasoning and evidence: What evidence and reasoning are you presenting that (a) demonstrates that there is a problem with the status quo, (b) justifies your specific proposal to change the status quo, and (c) specifically deals with your audience’s reasons for resisting you? Lay out every point in the claim-grounds-warrant format (that is, for every point you want to make, you need at least one piece of evidence and a way of linking your evidence to your point).

5)      Organisation:  How is the material in the speech ordered (e.g. strongest to weakest points, or chronologically, or problem-solution)?  How will the way you have ordered the points in your speech overcome resistance?

6)      Language:  What language choices have you made (e.g.) choice of main descriptive words, rhetorical figures) and how will they overcome resistance?

7)      Delivery: What delivery choices have you made that will overcome resistance (e.g. what gestures will you use, what visual aids, what kind of feeling will you deliver the speech with)?

 

Logos Ethos Pathos

Logos

Logos (rational proof)

Pg. 326 in text book           Proof  see http://www.Lcc.gatech.edu/gallery/rhetoric/noframes/terms/logos.html

the logical arrangement of evidence. Providing good reasons is important. Providing evidence and reasoning are a strong part of the persuasive process.

      Use evidence that is specific rather than general

      NOVEL EVIDENCE AND CREDIBLE SOURCES

Go beyond what your audience already knows – in the age of info overload you need to add something – capture your audience attention

      Use credible sources

1.      provide enough information about your source that your audience can assess its credibility ie. Dates, credentials

2.      select sources your audience will see as trustworthy and fair

culture influence on reasoning

*   Topics considered appropriate for discussion vary across cultures. For example some groups would not favour issues such as gay rights, euthanasia or speaking about sex is not correct in some cultural settings.

*   Cultural groups conceptualise issues differently. In the States we tend to think of issues as problems and solutions that can be defined, proposed, testes, and eliminated or enacted; others see problems as the result of fate, evidence of a bad relationship with the deity or deities, or proof that people are out of harmony (karmic)

*   Norms for structuring and framing a discussion vary. Some cultural groups ground their discussions in the historical perspectives of the various participants others rely on narrative structures to frame their speeches. In the States we tend to frame debates as having a winner or loser (such as the current Presidential debates) but other cultures approach issues as an opportunity for a community of equals to cooperate in reaching consensus.

*   Communication styles varies. The bias in mainstream U.S. culture is toward linear, analytical models of reasoning as depicted in the Toulmin model. Other cultural groups reason more holistically through drama, intuition, and emotional expressiveness.

 (p. 323)  is the speaker’s credibility Sometimes we believe something simply because we trust the person telling us. You want to look like you know what you're talking about.

Ethos

Is the person credible?

What are your personal qualities?

WHAT IS PROOF? Proof is a reason to believe. See http://www.Lcc.gatech.edu/gallery/rhetoric/noframes/terms/ethos.html

 

 

WHAT ARE SOME WAYS FOR A SPEAKER TO APPEAR CREDIBLE?

  1. dress – appearance       examples…     
  2. source credibility –
  3. character
  4. reputation
  5. evidence
  6. powerful language
  7. inclusive language

 

the audiences should think “she really knows what she’s talking about – she has obviously done her homework. In addition, she seems to have good intentions toward me; I trust her. Thus, I believe it when she tells me that I look like an alien.”

Pathos

See http://www.Lcc.gatech.edu/gallery/rhetoric/noframes/terms/pathos.html

(p. 332) the emotional appeals made by a speaker. Sometimes we do things because of a "gut feeling" or an appeal to our emotions, whether those of compassion or fear. Advertisers make great headway tweaking our concerns about what others might think about us.

 

WHAT ARE SOME EMOTIONS PERSUASIVE SPEECHES APPEAL TO?

Messages – if you care about your family you will purchase ----

Grim reaper ads  do they affect you?

Drunk driver ads  do they affect you?

  1. ANGER
  2. FEAR – code orange
  3. KINDNESS
  4. SHAME
  5. PITY
  6. ENVY

BELIEFS

 

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

I.                   ATTENTION STEP (introduction)

II.                NEED STEP (the problem)

III.             SATISFACTION STEP (the solution)

IV.              VISUALIZATION STEP

V.                 ACTION STEP (what do you want the audience to do)