What is given versus new information?. 3
I never said he took the money. 3
Updated Monday,
September 20, 2004 10:46 AM
Language is the body of words and systems for their use in messages that are common to the people of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural traction
SPEECH COMMUNITY – a group of people who speak the same language
There are between 3,000 and 4,000 speech communities in the world
60% of those communities have fewer than 10,000 speakers
The largest speech communities:
WORDS arbitrary symbols used by a speech community to represent objects, ideas, and feelings.
Four main purposes of langague
Effective oral communication
requires interplay of speaker, audience and message.
Pragmatics is the study of the
aspects of meaning and language use that are dependent on the speaker, the
addressee, and other features of the context of utterance, such as the
following:
·
The
effect that the following have on the speaker's choice of expression and the
addressee's interpretation of an utterance:
·
Programmatic concerns, such as
noun. A collection of words and phrases used to
exclude outsiders from a particular group and to disguise the group's
activities.
(also can be known as jargon) See for example this jargon file for hackers
A type of language
forms in an effort to exclude outsiders for various reasons.
Mobspeak is a language that grows out of secrecy, and who can be more secret than the Mafia? The anti-social nature of the Mob is the perfect breeding ground for an "Antilanguage," which is, according to M. A. K. Halliday, a language that develops out of an antisociety which stands as a mode of resistance' to the society within which it exists
for example piecing = graffiti = getting fame
it’s bad – wicked
what all some other culture bound words?
MAZZEI: You know the golf club and the dogs you gave me in return?
HILL: Yeah.
MAZZEI: Can you still do that?
HILL: Same kind of golf club?
MAZZEI: No. No golf clubs. Can you still give me the dogs if
I pay for the golf clubs? HILL: Yeah. Sure.
(portion of conversation omitted)
MAZZEI: You front me the shampoo and I'll front you the dog pills... What time tomorrow?HILL: Anytime after twelve.
MAZZEI: You won't hold my lady friend up?HILL: No.
MAZZEI: Somebody will just exchange dogs.
Source: WiseGuy
Phatboy answered, "Just chillin' all up in my crib. what
about you?"
"Loungin' as all hell. Hey, how's you homey?" asked
Flyboy.
"She's fine, at work makin' her paper. What about yours." replied Phatboy.
"She's at home. I'm about to
go peep her in a while. Hey yo son, what's on for
tonight?" questioned Flyboy.
"I
got no idea, I'm D for whatever. What you got in mind?" asked Phatboy.
A speaker is the utterer of a message.
An addressee is any of the immediate intended recipients of the speaker's communication
Given versus new information is a
distinction between information that is assumed or supplied by the speaker and
that which is presented for the first time.
New information is information that is
assumed by the speaker
A speech act is an act that a speaker
performs when making an utterance, including the
following:
An utterance is a complete unit of talk,
bounded by the speaker's silence.
I (but someone else
did)
Never (but I said quite a bit
else about him, none of which was particularly positive)
Said (but I implied it without
coming out and saying so directly)
He (But somebody else took
it)
Took (but he did something
equally unsavory with it)
The (but he took some
other money)
Money (but he took something
else)
Pointing to lips – sh-sh-h
Must mean something specific
to audience members it can usually be translated into a few
words
Add illustration to your words
or emphasis
We should all vote [extend
your hands out]
It is this big
Point to
objects
Airlines stewardess (flight
attendant)
Businessman (business
person)
Craftsmanship
(artisanship)
Doorman (door
attendant)
Executrix (executor, since
both men and women can serve in this capacity)
Meter Maid (parking
enforcement officer)
Check out chick (cash
register attendant)
Old wive’s tale (myth)
Creative use of language from
course front page
TRANSITION ALTERNATIVES
Video
Spanish –
have some one in class translate